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Diabrotica undecimpunctata, the spotted cucumber beetle or southern corn rootworm, is a species of cucumber beetle that is native to North America. The species can be a major agricultural pest insect in North America. Spotted cucumber beetles cause damage to crops in the larval and adult stages of their life cycle.
Prionus californicus, commonly known as the California root borer, is a species of insect in the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). It is native to the American west where it is often a pest of orchard and vine crops.
Specific delta-endotoxins that have been inserted with genetic engineering include Cry3Bb1 found in MON 863 and Cry1Ab found in MON 810, both of which are maize/corn cultivars. Cry3Bb1 is particularly useful because it kills Coleopteran insects such as the corn rootworm, an activity not seen in other Cry proteins. [1]
EPN is an insectide and an acaricide effective against orchard pests, including apple flea weevil, plum curculio, and codling moth and for some soil insects. It is also good to use against the following pests: rice stem borer, boll weevils, oriental fruit moth, fruit moths, codling moths, cotton bollworms, peachtree borers, pear psylla, aphids ...
The goldspotted oak borer is just 14 miles from the Santa Monica Mountains' 600,000 oak trees and threatens to devastate forests throughout California, harming wildlife and increasing fire risks.
Imidacloprid is one of the most widely used insecticide in the world. [4] [5] [6] Its major uses include: Seed treatment – Imidacloprid is a popular seed treatment insecticide in the world [8] Agriculture – Control of aphids, cane beetles, thrips, [16] stink bugs, locusts, and a variety of other insects that damage crops
The Cry toxin is then inserted into the insect gut cell membrane, paralyzing the digestive tract and forming a pore. [29] The insect stops eating and starves to death; live Bt bacteria may also colonize the insect, which can contribute to death. [24] [29] [30] Death occurs within a few hours or weeks. [31]
Helicoverpa zea earns its nickname the corn earworm for its widely known destruction of cornfields. [34] The corn earworm feeds on every part of corn, including the kernels. [34] Severe feeding at the tip of kernels allows entry for diseases and mold growth. [34] Larvae begin feeding on the kernels once they have reached third instar. [34]