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As a grandson of Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Valentinian was also a member of the Theodosian dynasty, to which his wife, Licinia Eudoxia, also belonged. A year before assuming the rank of augustus, Valentinian was given the imperial rank of caesar by his half-cousin and co-emperor Theodosius II (r. 402–450).
Theodosius II, sometimes nicknamed "the Younger", [3] became Eastern Roman Emperor at the age of seven following the death of his father Arcadius in 408. Praetorian Prefect Anthemius continued to act as a power behind the throne, during whose tenure the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople were completed.
[2] [3] In 367 Roman Britain was threatened by the Great Conspiracy, defeated 368–369 by the magister equitum Theodosius the Elder, accompanied by his son Theodosius. [2] [3] [1] At this time was the unsuccessful usurpation in Britain by Valentinus. [3] Theodosius the Elder was made magister equitum in 369, and retained the post until 375. [1]
It was then that the magister equitum, Theodosius the Elder and his son Theodosius (the Theodosi) attacked the Alamanni through Raetia, taking many prisoners and resettling them in the Po Valley in Italy. [16] Valentinian made one attempt to capture Macrianus in 372, but eventually made peace with him in 374. [17]
On 26 March 429, Emperor Theodosius II announced to the Senate of Constantinople his intention to form a committee to codify all of the laws (leges, singular lex) from the reign of Constantine up to Theodosius II and Valentinian III. [5] The laws in the code span from 312 to 438, so by 438 the "volume of imperial law had become unmanageable". [6]
The Arch of Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius (Latin: Arcus Gratiani, Valentiniani et Theodosii) was a triumphal arch built between 379 and 383 AD in Rome. It was situated at the south end of the Pons Aelius, near to the site later occupied by the church of San Celso. It formed as a monumental entrance arch to the bridge.
Within 424, Valentinian was proclaimed a Caesar in the Eastern court. The following year, Joannes was defeated and executed. Valentinian replaced him as Augustus of the West. [4] Eudoxia and Valentinian III married on 29 October 437, in Thessalonike, their marriage marking the reunion of the two halves of the House of Theodosius.
Theodosius greeted the imperial court of Valentinian at Salonica. [6] Faced with the choice of avoiding a civil war or supporting Valentinian, Theodosius chose Valentinian. [7] Theodosius took his time gathering Alans, Goths, Huns, and Armenians into his army. [8] He planned to attack Maximus in Italy, while marching with the main army into ...