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The other is economic water scarcity. [11]: 560 Physical water scarcity is where there is not enough water to meet all demands. This includes water needed for ecosystems to function. Regions with a desert climate often face physical water scarcity. [12] Central Asia, West Asia, and North Africa are examples of arid areas.
The DRC is the most water-rich country in Africa. It accounts for approximately 52 percent of Africa's surface water reserves and 23 percent of Africa's internal renewable water resources. [5] The internal renewable freshwater resources per capita were estimated at 14,406 m 3 /person/year in 2008. [6]
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Water scarcity: Water demand exceeds supply in many regions of the world. This can be due to population growth, higher living standards, general economic expansion and/or greater quantities of water used in agriculture for irrigation. Increasing water pollution and low levels of wastewater treatment, which is making local water unusable.
Communal tap (standpost) for drinking water in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. May 2005. Groundwater plays a key role in sustaining water supplies and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa especially due to its widespread availability, generally high quality, and intrinsic ability to buffer episodes of drought and increasing climate variability.
The Middle East and North Africa currently faces extreme water scarcity, with twelve out of the 17 most water stressed countries in the world deriving from the region. [35] The World Bank defines an area as being water stressed when per person water supplies fall below 1,700 cubic metres per year. [36]
The key water-dependent or related sectors with the potential for meeting part of the current and projected demand for jobs in Africa are social services, agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture, retail and hospitality, manufacturing, construction, natural resources exploitation (including mining) and energy production (including hydro ...
Water stress is one parameter to measure water scarcity. It is useful in the context of Sustainable Development Goal 6. [16] Half a billion people live in areas with severe water scarcity throughout the year, [11] [14] and around four billion people face severe water scarcity at least one month per year.