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The version given here is that proven by Nash-Williams; Kruskal's formulation is somewhat stronger. All trees we consider are finite. Given a tree T with a root, and given vertices v, w, call w a successor of v if the unique path from the root to w contains v, and call w an immediate successor of v if additionally the path from v to w contains no other vertex.
In number theory, the Calkin–Wilf tree is a tree in which the vertices correspond one-to-one to the positive rational numbers.The tree is rooted at the number 1, and any rational number q expressed in simplest terms as the fraction a / b has as its two children the numbers 1 / 1+1/q = a / a + b and q + 1 = a + b / b .
For instance, the continued fraction representation of 13 / 9 is [1;2,4] and its two children are [1;2,5] = 16 / 11 (the right child) and [1;2,3,2] = 23 / 16 (the left child). It is clear that for each finite continued fraction expression one can repeatedly move to its parent, and reach the root [1;] = 1 / 1 of ...
The entire fraction may be expressed as a single composition, in which case it is hyphenated, or as a number of fractions with a numerator of one, in which case they are not. (For example, two-fifths is the fraction 2 / 5 and two fifths is the same fraction understood as 2 instances of 1 / 5 .) Fractions should always be ...
The Pythagoras tree is a plane fractal constructed from squares. Invented by the Dutch mathematics teacher Albert E. Bosman in 1942, [ 1 ] it is named after the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras because each triple of touching squares encloses a right triangle , in a configuration traditionally used to depict the Pythagorean theorem .
(Alternatively, write t = n / m as a fraction in lowest terms and use the formulas from the previous section.) A root node that instead has value t = 1/3 will give the same tree of primitive Pythagorean triples, though with the values of a and b switched.
A Bethe lattice with coordination number z = 3. In statistical mechanics and mathematics, the Bethe lattice (also called a regular tree) is an infinite symmetric regular tree where all vertices have the same number of neighbors.
In mathematics, the Farey sequence of order n is the sequence of completely reduced fractions, either between 0 and 1, or without this restriction, [a] which when in lowest terms have denominators less than or equal to n, arranged in order of increasing size.