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Almost all arthropods lay eggs, with many species giving birth to live young after the eggs have hatched inside the mother; but a few are genuinely viviparous, such as aphids. Arthropod hatchlings vary from miniature adults to grubs and caterpillars that lack jointed limbs and eventually undergo a total metamorphosis to
The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an external skeleton . In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting , a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one.
Not all insects are capable of flight. A number of apterous insects have secondarily lost their wings through evolution , while other more basal insects like silverfish never evolved wings. In some eusocial insects like ants and termites , only the alate reproductive castes develop wings during the mating season before shedding their wings ...
Insects, like all arthropods, have no interior skeleton; instead, they have an exoskeleton, a hard outer layer made mostly of chitin that protects and supports the body. . The insect body is divided into three parts: the head, thorax, and abdomen
Adult insects are the only arthropods that ever have wings, with up to two pairs on the thorax. Whether winged or not, adult insects can be distinguished by their three-part body plan, with head, thorax, and abdomen; they have three pairs of legs on the thorax. [8] Insects and other bugs that could be confused with them
The subphylum Hexapoda (from Greek for 'six legs') or hexapods comprises the largest clade of arthropods and includes most of the extant arthropod species. It includes the crown group class Insecta (true insects), as well as the much smaller clade Entognatha, which includes three classes of wingless arthropods that were once considered insects: Collembola (springtails), Protura (coneheads) and ...
This study resolved insect phylogeny of all extant insect orders, and provides "a robust phylogenetic backbone tree and reliable time estimates of insect evolution." [62] Finding strong support for the closest living relatives of the hexapods had proven challenging due to convergent adaptations in a number of arthropod groups for living on land ...
The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, ... and they are completely absent in insects. [5] The legs of insects and myriapods are uniramous. In ...