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There is a literary tradition based on Peshawari, [6] the urban variety of Peshawar in the northwest, and another one based on the language of Abbottabad in the northeast. [7] In the 2017 census of Pakistan, 5.1 million people declared their language to be Hindko, [1] while a 2020 estimate placed the number of speakers at 7 million. [2]
The script is used in Pakistan today, albeit unlike most other native languages of Pakistan, the Naskh style is more common for Sindhi writing than the Nasta'liq style. It has a total of 52 letters, augmenting the Urdu with digraphs and eighteen new letters ( ڄ ٺ ٽ ٿ ڀ ٻ ڙ ڍ ڊ ڏ ڌ ڇ ڃ ڦ ڻ ڱ ڳ ڪ ) for sounds particular to ...
Majhi (Shahmukhi: ماجھی; Gurmukhi: ਮਾਝੀ; Punjabi: [mä˦d̆.d͡ʒi˨] [1]), also known as Central Punjabi, is the most widely-spoken dialect of the Punjabi language, [2] natively spoken in the Majha region of Punjab in present-day Pakistan and India. The dialect forms the basis of Standard Punjabi.
Before the partition of British India, Hindi was spoken in the region forming Pakistan by the Hindus and Sikhs residing there. [4] [5] It was taught across school and university levels, mainly in Punjab and Sindh, [6] such as in Government College, Forman Christian College, Dyal Singh College, and Karachi University. [3]
Lahnda (/ ˈ l ɑː n d ə /; [1] لہندا, Punjabi pronunciation: [lɛ˦n.d̪äː]), also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, [2] is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India.
The Punjabi language is written with the Gurmukhi alphabet in India and with the Shahmukhi alphabet in Pakistan. Approximately 130 million people speak the Punjabi language. [25] The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to Nath Yogi era from 9th to 14th century. [26]
Urdu is also one of the officially recognised languages in India and also has the status of "additional official language" in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Telangana and the national capital territory Delhi. [170] [171] Also as one of the five official languages of Jammu and Kashmir. [172]
On a subregional level, Telugu was a language of high culture in South India in precolonial times, [17] while in modern times, Punjabi and Bengali function as major transnational languages connecting the northwestern and eastern regions of India to Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively (see also Punjabiyat).