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Women in American prisons encounter numerous difficulties that often involve mental health problems, drug and alcohol issues, and trauma. These challenges not only make navigating the criminal justice system more difficult for women but also highlights broader societal issues such as gender-based violence, economic inequalities, and lack of mental health support. [1]
A successful rehabilitation of a prisoner is also helped if convicted persons: are not placed in health-threateningly bad conditions, enjoy access to medical care and are protected from other forms of serious ill-treatment, [2] are able to maintain ties to the outside world, [2] learn new skills to assist them with working life on the outside, [2]
A 2017 report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics noted that 54.3% of prisoners and 35% of jail inmates who had experienced serious psychological distress in the past 30 days have received mental health treatment since admission to the current facility, and 63% of prisoners and 44.5% of jail inmates with a history of a mental health problem ...
Some prison wards specialize in treating patients with severe mental health issues. [6] Healthcare policy and services in prisons recognise the differences in health needs between women and men. Women in prison have specific needs in relation to menstruation, [7] pregnancy, post-partum health, contraception, [8] mental health and menopause.
Correctional psychology is the application of basic and applied psychological science or scientifically-oriented professional practice to the justice system to enable the proper classification, treatment, and management of offenders. Its goal is to reduce the risk of offender misconduct and thus to improve public safety. [1]
Criminal and forensic psychologists may also consider the following factors: The current presence of mental disorders and disabilities; The level of accountability or responsibility an individual has for a crime due to mental disorders; Likelihood of recidivism and involved risk factors; Epidemiology of related mental disorders under consideration
A heroin addict entering a rehab facility presents as severe a case as a would-be suicide entering a psych ward. The addiction involves genetic predisposition, corrupted brain chemistry, entrenched environmental factors and any number of potential mental-health disorders — it requires urgent medical intervention.
Clinical or therapeutic case management then developed as the need for the mental health professional to establish a therapeutic relationship and be actively involved in clinical care, often in this only the personal and interpersonal resources are utilized. The process involved can be cyclical because of its client-centered nature. [5]