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  2. Confocal microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscopy

    Fluorescence and confocal microscopes operating principle. Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. [1]

  3. Point spread function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_spread_function

    By virtue of the linearity property of optical non-coherent imaging systems, i.e., . Image(Object 1 + Object 2) = Image(Object 1) + Image(Object 2). the image of an object in a microscope or telescope as a non-coherent imaging system can be computed by expressing the object-plane field as a weighted sum of 2D impulse functions, and then expressing the image plane field as a weighted sum of the ...

  4. White light interferometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_light_interferometry

    A test surface having features of different heights leads to a phase pattern that is mixed with the light from the flat reference in the CCD image sensor plane. Interference occurs at the CCD pixel if the optical path lengths of the two arms differ less than half the coherence length of the light source. Each pixel of the CCD samples a ...

  5. Super-resolution microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-resolution_microscopy

    3D Dual Colour Super Resolution Microscopy with Her2 and Her3 in breast cells, standard dyes: Alexa 488, Alexa 568 LIMON. Light MicrOscopical Nanosizing microscopy (3D LIMON) images, using the Vertico SMI microscope, are made possible by the combination of SMI and SPDM, whereby first the SMI, and then the SPDM, process is applied.

  6. Vertico spatially modulated illumination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertico_spatially...

    3D dual colour super resolution microscopy with Her2 and Her3 in breast cancer cells, standard dyes: Alexa 488, Alexa 568 - LIMON (SPDM +SMI. Vertico spatially modulated illumination (Vertico-SMI) is the fastest [citation needed] light microscope for the 3D analysis of complete cells in the nanometer range. It is based on two technologies ...

  7. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.

  8. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723). The field of microscopy (optical microscopy) dates back to at least the 17th-century.Earlier microscopes, single lens magnifying glasses with limited magnification, date at least as far back as the wide spread use of lenses in eyeglasses in the 13th century [2] but more advanced compound microscopes first appeared in Europe around 1620 [3] [4] The ...

  9. Multifocal plane microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multifocal_plane_microscopy

    The schematic of a multifocal plane microscope. Multifocal plane microscopy (MUM), also known as multiplane microscopy or multifocus microscopy, is a form of light microscopy that allows the tracking of the 3D dynamics in live cells at high temporal and spatial resolution by simultaneously imaging different focal planes within the specimen.