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Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
The vast majority of North American railroads are standard gauge (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in / 1,435 mm).Exceptions include some streetcar, subway and rapid transit systems, mining and tunneling operations, and some narrow-gauge lines particularly in the west, e.g. the isolated White Pass and Yukon Route system, and the former Newfoundland Railway.
The Gauge '3' Society represents this aspect of 2 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch gauge railway modelling with both electric and live steam operation. Gauge '3' corresponds to NEM II scale, also known as "Spur II" in Germany. The National 2.5 in Gauge Association continues to support live steam passenger hauling in 2.5-inch gauge using MES tracks.
Some railways, primarily in the northeast, used standard gauge of 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm); others used gauges ranging from 2 ft (610 mm) to 6 ft (1,829 mm). As a general rule, southern railroads were built to one or another broad gauge, mostly 5 ft ( 1,524 mm ), while northern railroads that were not standard-gauge tended to be narrow-gauge.
Ridable, outdoor gauge. The gauge is 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (89 mm) the world over. Originally defined to be 89 mm 3 gauge in Europe. Gauge 3: 1:22.6: 63.5 mm One of the original model railroad scales standardized in 1909, a minority interest, which is undergoing a revival in the UK and in Germany (where it is known as Spur II).
See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark: 686 mm: 2 ft 3 in: See List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways: 693 mm: 2 ft 3 + 9 ⁄ 32 in: Sweden: 28 Swedish inches. [28] Several railways. 700 mm 2 ft 3 + 9 ⁄ 16 in: Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark and Narrow-gauge railways in Europe. Common for sugar beet or sugar cane railways and peat railways.
The gauge is altered by driving the train through a gauge changer installed at the break of gauge which moves the wheels to the gauge desired. Variable gauge systems exist within the internal network of Spain, and are installed on international links between Spain/France (Spanish train), Sweden/Finland (Swedish train), Poland/ Lithuania (Polish ...
The TSI Rolling Stock (2002/735/EC) has taken over the UIC Gauges definitions defining Kinematic Gauges with a reference profile such that Gauges GA and GB have a height of 4.35 m (14 ft 3 in) (they differ in shape) with Gauge GC rising to 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) allowing for a width of 3.08 m (10 ft 1 in) of the flat roof. [7]