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The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) [a] was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont , France under the command of then-Major General John J. Pershing .
President Woodrow Wilson created the AEF in May 1917, originally appointing Major General John J. Pershing, who was later promoted to general, as commander. Barely any American troops were sent to Europe in 1917, since Pershing ordered all AEF forces to be well-trained before going overseas.
The first two air combat groups formed in the AEF were the 1st Corps Observation Group, in April 1918, and the 1st Pursuit Group at Toul. Ultimately fourteen airplane and seven balloon groups were formed to support the operations of two field armies and five corps. The five pursuit and two bombardment groups were organized into two wings.
The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material, and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate of 10,000 soldiers a day on the Western Front in the summer of 1918.
AEF: 26 December 1917 – May 1919 Service Support Squadron 3d Aviation Instruction Center Issoudun Aerodrome. erroneously demobilized: Jun 1919 at Mitchell Field, New York; re-constituted at Bolling Field, D.C., Jul 1919; final demobilization 31 December 1919. [33] 11th Aero Squadron: 26 June 1917 AEF: 1 January 1918 – 1 May 1919
The Services of Supply (SOS) of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was established under the designation "Line of Communications," on July 5, 1917. [ 1 ] : 11–13 The Line of Communications was judged by senior officers, including Colonel Johnson Hagood , who was in charge of the advance section, to be incompetent. [ 2 ]
The Army organized and deployed different types of railway regiments and battalions. As operations progressed, the railway units were used to support the American Expeditionary Forces as well. U.S. rail regiments moved both troops and supplies for the AEF and for the allies from the seaports to the front.
301st Tank Battalion going into action with Mark Vs at Saint-Souplet, France in October 1918 (Selle battle) The 326th (under the command of Sereno E. Brett) and 327th Tank Battalions (later renamed the 344th and 345th [7] and organized into the 304th Tank Brigade, commanded by Patton), were the first into combat, beginning with the Battle of Saint-Mihiel as part of the US IV Corps on 12 ...