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indicates that state ratified amendment after first rejecting it: Y (×) indicates that state ratified amendment, later rescinded that ratification, but subsequently re-ratified it — indicates that state did not complete action on amendment … indicates that amendment was ratified before state joined the Union: State (in order of statehood ...
This version of the amendment reads: Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. [2] The vote is 84 in favor and 8 opposed. A deadline is set that it must by ratified by the required 38 states within the next seven years. [3] March 22, 1972 – Hawaii ratifies the ERA. [4]
The ratification method is chosen by Congress for each amendment. [126] State ratifying conventions were used only once, for the Twenty-first Amendment. [127] Presently, the Archivist of the United States is charged with responsibility for administering the ratification process under the provisions of 1 U.S. Code § 106b.
Congress of the Confederation certifies that the new constitution has been duly ratified and sets date for first meeting of the new federal government and the presidential election. [56] [60] December 15, 1788 – January 10, 1789 • Presidential election held First quadrennial presidential election under the new Constitution is held. [61]
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.Usually considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War.
The Equal Rights Amendment, which would ban discrimination based on gender, was sent to the states for ratification in 1972. Virginia became the 38th state to ratify it in 2000, although years past the deadline set by Congress, leading to a legal standoff over whether it could be considered valid.
When the states have ratified the proposed amendment, then it becomes part of the Constitution. “…(O)ne or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by Congress…” to the states.
The resolution, "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women", reads, in part: [1] Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ...