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In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, [1] is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley ), and uses a specified set of generators for the group.
In graph-theoretic terms, the theorem states that for loopless planar graph, its chromatic number is ().. The intuitive statement of the four color theorem – "given any separation of a plane into contiguous regions, the regions can be colored using at most four colors so that no two adjacent regions have the same color" – needs to be interpreted appropriately to be correct.
Cayley table of cyclic group Z 4. The orange vectors are the same as in this cycle graph: Source: Own work: Author: Watchduck
The "pearls" of the title include theorems, proofs, problems, and examples in graph theory.The book has ten chapters; after an introductory chapter on basic definitions, the remaining chapters material on graph coloring; Hamiltonian cycles and Euler tours; extremal graph theory; subgraph counting problems including connections to permutations, derangements, and Cayley's formula; graph ...
A Cayley graph for the alternating group A 4, forming a truncated tetrahedron in three dimensions. All Cayley graphs are vertex-transitive, but some vertex-transitive graphs (like the Petersen graph) are not Cayley graphs. A proper vertex coloring of the Petersen graph with 3 colors, the minimum number possible
The points within an orbit are "equivalent". If a symmetry group applies for a pattern, then within each orbit the color is the same. The set of all orbits of X under the action of G is written as X / G. If Y is a subset of X, we write GY for the set { g · y : y ∈ Y and g ∈ G}. We call the subset Y invariant under G if GY = Y (which is ...
Arthur Cayley FRS (/ ˈ k eɪ l i /; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was a British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics , and was a professor at Trinity College, Cambridge for 35 years.
This is usually done by studying the Cayley graphs of groups, which, in addition to the graph structure, are endowed with the structure of a metric space, given by the so-called word metric. Geometric group theory, as a distinct area, is relatively new, and became a clearly identifiable branch of mathematics in the late 1980s and early 1990s.