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A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is an archaic concept in chemistry. It describes the stoichiometry of some chemical reactions in which one element or ligand is replaced by atom or group. [1] [2] [3] It can be represented generically as: + +
The use of zinc chloride as a flux, sometimes in a mixture with ammonium chloride (see also Zinc ammonium chloride), involves the production of HCl and its subsequent reaction with surface oxides. Zinc chloride forms two salts with ammonium chloride: [NH 4] 2 [ZnCl 4] and [NH 4] 3 [ZnCl 4]Cl, which decompose on heating liberating HCl, just as ...
This reaction usually produces a salt. One example, hydrochloric acid reacts with disodium iron tetracarbonyl to produce the iron dihydride: 2 HCl + Na 2 Fe(CO) 4 → 2 NaCl + H 2 Fe(CO) 4. Reaction between an acid and a carbonate or bicarbonate salt yields carbonic acid, which spontaneously decomposes into carbon dioxide and water. The release ...
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
Zinc is a strong reducing agent with a standard redox potential of −0.76 V. Pure zinc tarnishes rapidly in air, rapidly forming a passive layer. The composition of this layer can be complex, but one constituent is probably basic zinc carbonate, Zn 5 (OH) 6 CO 3. [8] The reaction of zinc with water is slowed by this passive layer.
Sodium: Solid Na: 0 Sodium: Gas Na: 107.5 Sodium bicarbonate: Solid NaHCO 3: −950.8 Sodium carbonate: Solid Na 2 CO 3: −1130.77 Sodium chloride: Aqueous NaCl −407.27 Sodium chloride: Solid NaCl −411.12 Sodium chloride: Liquid NaCl −385.92 Sodium chloride: Gas NaCl −181.42 Sodium chlorate: Solid NaClO 3: −365.4 Sodium fluoride ...
The reaction is effected with zinc. The key zinc-intermediate formed is a carbenoid (iodomethyl)zinc iodide which reacts with alkenes to afford the cyclopropanated product. The rate of forming the active zinc species is increased via ultrasonication since the initial reaction occurs at the surface of the metal.
Illustration of a redox reaction Sodium chloride is formed through the redox reaction of sodium metal and chlorine gas. Redox reactions can be understood in terms of the transfer of electrons from one involved species (reducing agent) to another (oxidizing agent). In this process, the former species is oxidized and the latter is reduced. Though ...