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The word "loom" derives from the Old English geloma, formed from ge-(perfective prefix) and loma, a root of unknown origin; the whole word geloma meant a utensil, tool, or machine of any kind.
Weaving was known in all the great civilisations, but no clear line of causality has been established. Early looms required two people to create the shed and one person to pass through the filling. Early looms wove a fixed length of cloth, but later ones allowed warp to be wound out as the fell progressed.
The vertical warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a loom (frame) while the horizontal weft (also called the woof) is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread. [1] In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a warp end (synonymous terms are fill yarn and filling yarn ); a pick is a single weft thread that ...
A graphic with Arabic text distinguishing raw fibers from processed threads and woven fabric. Warping: The warp yarns are arranged on a beam to prepare for weaving. The warp threads are held taut and parallel, and as such must be strong and durable. Weaving: During weaving, the weft yarn passes over and under the warp yarns in various patterns.
Handlooms: Early looms date to 5000 BC. From antiquity until the mediaeval times, the loom improved in both Asia and Europe, despite the fact that the loom's fundamental operation remained unchanged. [113] In 200 BC, the Chinese invented vertical looms and pedal looms, transforming the craft into an industry.
A handloom sari is often woven on a shuttle-pit loom made from ropes, wooden beams and poles. [2] The shuttle is thrown from side-to-side by the weaver. Other weavers use a fly-shuttle loom which can produce different types of patterns. The saris can vary in size and quality. [1]
Jacquard looms and Dobby looms are looms that have sophisticated methods of shedding. They may be separate looms or mechanisms added to a plain loom. A Northrop Loom was fully automatic and was mass-produced between 1909 and the mid-1960s. Modern looms run faster and do not use a shuttle: there are air jet looms, water jet looms, and rapier looms.
Historically, garments were frequently constructed of full loom-widths of fabric joined selvage-to-selvage to avoid waste. In knitted fabrics, selvages are the unfinished yet structurally sound edges that were neither cast on nor bound off. [27] serging Serging is the binding-off of an edge of cloth. sewing