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  2. PFD allowance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFD_allowance

    The fatigue allowance is intended to cover the time that the worker should be given to overcome fatigue due to work related stress and conditions. There are three factors that cause fatigue: (1) physical factors like standing and use of force, (2) mental and cognitive factors like mental strain and eye strain , and (3) environmental and work ...

  3. Respirator assigned protection factors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_Assigned...

    The respiratory protective devices (RPD) can protect workers only if their protective properties are adequate to the conditions in the workplace.Therefore, specialists have developed criteria for the selection of proper, adequate respirators, including the Assigned Protection Factors (APF) - the decrease of the concentration of harmful substances in the inhaled air, which (is expected) to be ...

  4. Mean time between failures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_time_between_failures

    where B 10 is the number of operations that a device will operate prior to 10% of a sample of those devices would fail and n op is number of operations. B 10d is the same calculation, but where 10% of the sample would fail to danger. n op is the number of operations/cycle in one year. [11]

  5. Work hardening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening

    Figure 1: The yield stress of an ordered material depends on the square root of the number of dislocations present. Increase in the number of dislocations is a quantification of work hardening. Plastic deformation occurs as a consequence of work being done on a material; energy is added to the material.

  6. Crack growth equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_growth_equation

    Regime A: At low growth rates, variations in microstructure, mean stress (or load ratio), and environment have significant effects on the crack propagation rates. It is observed at low load ratios that the growth rate is most sensitive to microstructure and in low strength materials it is most sensitive to load ratio.

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  8. Objective stress rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_stress_rate

    While the former way is instructive and provides useful geometric insight, the latter way is mathematically shorter and has the additional advantage of automatically ensuring energy conservation, i.e., guaranteeing that the second-order work of the stress increment tensor on the strain increment tensor be correct (work conjugacy requirement).

  9. Piece work - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piece_work

    Working for a piece rate does not mean that employers are exempt from paying minimum wage or overtime requirements, which vary among nations and states. [ 6 ] Employers may find it in their interest to use piece rate pay after examining three theoretical considerations; the cost and viability of monitoring output in a way that accurately ...