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The evo-devo gene toolkit is the small subset of genes in an organism's genome whose products control the organism's embryonic development. Toolkit genes are central to the synthesis of molecular genetics , palaeontology , evolution and developmental biology in the science of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo).
Hox genes determine where repeating parts, such as the many vertebrae of snakes, will grow in a developing embryo or larva. [9] Pax-6, already mentioned, is a classic toolkit gene. [48] Although other toolkit genes are involved in establishing the plant bodyplan, [49] homeobox genes are also found in plants, implying they are common to all ...
Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo and the Making of the Animal Kingdom is a 2005 book by the molecular biologist Sean B. Carroll.It presents a summary of the emerging field of evolutionary developmental biology and the role of toolkit genes.
Most Pax genes contain a homeobox and a paired domain that also binds DNA to increase binding specificity, though some Pax genes have lost all or part of the homeobox sequence. [46] Pax genes function in embryo segmentation , nervous system development, generation of the frontal eye fields , skeletal development, and formation of face structures.
The growth of evolutionary developmental biology from 1978, when Edward B. Lewis discovered homeotic genes, showed that many so-called toolkit genes act to regulate development, influencing the expression of other genes.
PhylomeDB is a public biological database for complete catalogs of gene phylogenies . [1] [2] [3] It allows users to interactively explore the evolutionary history of genes through the visualization of phylogenetic trees and multiple sequence alignments. Moreover, phylomeDB provides genome-wide orthology and paralogy predictions which are based ...
Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor.In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation to the next.
The genes contribute to a trait, and the phenotype is the observable manifestation of the genes (and therefore the genotype that affects the trait). If a white mouse had recessive genes that caused the genes responsible for color to be inactive, its genotype would be responsible for its phenotype (the white color). [citation needed]