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Stephen I, also known as King Saint Stephen (Hungarian: Szent István király [ˌsɛnt ˈiʃtvaːn kiraːj]; Latin: Sanctus Stephanus; Slovak: Štefan I. or Štefan Veľký; c. 975 – 15 August 1038), was the last grand prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the first king of Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until his death in 1038.
The seal of Stephen's father, King Béla II of Hungary. Stephen was the third son of King Béla the Blind and his wife, Helena of Rascia, born about 1133. [1] [2] The earliest recorded event of Stephen's life occurred during the reign of his oldest brother, Géza II, who succeeded their father on 13 February 1141.
Stephen was the eighth child and first son of King Béla IV of Hungary and his wife, Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris, Emperor of Nicaea. [2] He was born in 1239. [3] Archbishop Robert of Esztergom baptised him on 18 October. [4] The child, heir apparent from birth, was named after Saint Stephen, the first King of Hungary. [5]
The Kingdom of Hungary existed from 1000–1001 with the coronation of King Saint Stephen. The Árpád dynasty , the male-line descendants of Grand Prince Árpád , ruled Hungary continuously from 895 to 1301.
The Holy Crown of Hungary (Hungarian: Szent Korona [ˈsɛnt ˈkoronɒ], [note 1] Latin: Sacra Corona), also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen, named in honour of Saint Stephen I of Hungary, was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence; kings were crowned with it since the twelfth century.
Stephen III also dispatched his envoys to Frederick, who decided not to intervene, but ordered his vassals—the King of Bohemia, the Duke of Austria, and the Margrave of Styria—to keep an eye on the political situation in Hungary. [28] King Vladislaus' son, Sviatopluk, even married Stephen III's sister, Odola.
The first page of the earliest version of the Legenda Hartviciana preserved in a 12th-century codex kept in Frankfurt until 1814. The Legenda Hartviciana or Vita Hartviciana, also anglicized as the Life of King Stephen of Hungary by Hartvic (Hungarian: Hartvik-féle Szent István-legenda), is the official hagiography of St. Stephen, the first King of Hungary.
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom around the year 1000; [8] his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years.