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A seismic sequence is defined as the stratigraphic interval between two consecutive sequence boundaries, representing two marine regression events with a marine transgression event at the middle. Thus a seismic sequence is further subdivided with a basal unit of regressive systems tract, a transgressive systems tract at the middle, and a ...
However, the two methods are related as the results of deterministic models is the average of all the possible non-unique solutions of stochastic methods. [3] Since seismic linear inversion is a deterministic inversion method, the stochastic method will not be discussed beyond this point. Figure 1: Linear Seismic Inversion Flow Chart
Seismic refraction is exploited in engineering geology, geotechnical engineering and exploration geophysics. Seismic refraction traverses (seismic lines) are performed using an array of seismographs or geophones and an energy source. The methods depend on the fact that seismic waves have differing velocities in different types of soil or rock.
The method is an extension of the Newmark's direct integration method originally proposed by Nathan M. Newmark in 1943. It was applied to the sliding block problem in a lecture delivered by him in 1965 in the British Geotechnical Association's 5th Rankine Lecture in London and published later in the Association's scientific journal Geotechnique. [1]
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building (or nonbuilding) structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design , earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit (see structural engineering ) in regions where earthquakes are prevalent.
Seismic inversion involves the set of methods which seismologists use to infer properties through physical measurements. [1] Surface-wave inversion is the method by which elastic properties, density, and thickness of layers in the subsurface are obtained through analysis of surface-wave dispersion. [2]
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic
The plus–minus method, also known as CRM (conventional reciprocal method), is a geophysical method to analyze seismic refraction data developed by J. G. Hagedoorn.It can be used to calculate the depth and velocity variations of an undulating layer boundary for slope angles less than ~10°.