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Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite or Tovex blast, a specialized air gun or a seismic
The method is an extension of the Newmark's direct integration method originally proposed by Nathan M. Newmark in 1943. It was applied to the sliding block problem in a lecture delivered by him in 1965 in the British Geotechnical Association's 5th Rankine Lecture in London and published later in the Association's scientific journal Geotechnique. [1]
Seismic inversion involves the set of methods which seismologists use to infer properties through physical measurements. [1] Surface-wave inversion is the method by which elastic properties, density, and thickness of layers in the subsurface are obtained through analysis of surface-wave dispersion. [2]
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building (or nonbuilding) structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design , earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit (see structural engineering ) in regions where earthquakes are prevalent.
Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is a computational analysis method of earthquake engineering for performing a comprehensive assessment of the behavior of structures under seismic loads. [1] It has been developed to build upon the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in order to estimate the seismic risk faced by a given structure.
However, the two methods are related as the results of deterministic models is the average of all the possible non-unique solutions of stochastic methods. [3] Since seismic linear inversion is a deterministic inversion method, the stochastic method will not be discussed beyond this point. Figure 1: Linear Seismic Inversion Flow Chart
The primary method for creating a receiver function is based on analyzing the product of waves that pass from the mantle through the Moho boundary. The large compositional differences between the crust and the mantle cause large differences in seismic waves as they pass through the discontinuity. [ 5 ]