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The deathstalker is one of the most dangerous species of scorpions. [10] [11] Its venom is a powerful mixture of neurotoxins, with a low lethal dose. [12]While a sting from this scorpion is extraordinarily painful, it normally would not kill a healthy adult human.
There are about 50 species of scorpions that cause fatal scorpionism worldwide. [10] The venom from Leiurus abdullahbayrami can be very toxic. The venom of this species is one of the most potent venoms of the Turkish scorpions, and it provokes severe symptoms in the victims. Proteins make up half of the dry weight of the crude venom.
Parabuthus transvaalicus is a dangerous, medically significant scorpion, which can both sting and spray its kurtoxin venom. [2] The first droplet of venom differs from the rest, and is referred to as "pre-venom". [4] A further potassium channel inhibitor, parabutoxin, has been isolated from the venom of P. transvaalicus. [5]
The venom of L. quinquestriatus is among the most potent scorpion toxins. It severely affects the cardiac and pulmonary systems. Human fatalities, often children, have been confirmed by clinical reports. [25] The median lethal dose of venom (LD 50) for this species was measured at 0.16 - 0.50 mg/kg mice. [26]
Charybdotoxin (ChTX) is a 37 amino acid neurotoxin from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus (deathstalker) that blocks calcium-activated potassium channels. [2] This blockade causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system. It is a close homologue of agitoxin and both toxins come from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus.
In another context, the scorpion portrays human sexuality. [10] Scorpions are used in folk medicine in South Asia, especially in antidotes for scorpion stings. [10] One of the earliest occurrences of the scorpion in culture is its inclusion, as Scorpio, in the 12 signs of the Zodiac by Babylonian astronomers during the Chaldean period. [12]
Odonturus dentatus, known as the Kenyan deathstalker or giant orange deathstalker, [citation needed] is a small (roughly 5 centimetres or 2 inches) scorpion native to Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania in East Africa. [1] It is mainly found in warm but not too dry savannahs, where it lives under rocks, logs and other ground items.
Of more than a thousand known species of scorpion, only a few dozen have venom that is dangerous to humans, [6] most notably the bark scorpions, including: Centruroides spp. Deathstalker (Leiurus quinquestriatus) Central and South American Tityus, include the Brazilian yellow scorpion. Androctonus spp. Parabuthus spp. Hottentotta spp.