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A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
Enzyme activators are molecules that bind to enzymes and increase their activity. They are the opposite of enzyme inhibitors. These molecules are often involved in the allosteric regulation of enzymes in the control of metabolism. In some cases, when a substrate binds to one catalytic subunit of an enzyme, this can trigger an increase in the ...
The activator contains a DNA binding domain that binds either to a DNA promoter site or a specific DNA regulatory sequence called an enhancer. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Binding of the activator-coactivator complex increases the speed of transcription by recruiting general transcription machinery to the promoter, therefore increasing gene expression .
Activator may refer to: Activator (genetics), a DNA-binding protein that regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of transcription; Activator (phosphor), a type of dopant used in phosphors and scintillators; Enzyme activator, a type of effector that increases the rate of enzyme mediated reactions
Diagram of mediator with cyclin-dependent kinase module. Mediator is a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in all eukaryotes.It was discovered in 1990 in the lab of Roger D. Kornberg, recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Enhancers do not act on the promoter region itself, but are bound by activator proteins as first shown by in vivo competition experiments. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Subsequently, molecular studies showed direct interactions with transcription factors and cofactors, including the mediator complex , which recruits polymerase II and the general transcription ...
The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase and an associated sigma factor, which in turn are often brought to the promoter DNA by an activator protein's binding to its own DNA binding site nearby. In eukaryotes The process is more complicated, and at least seven different factors are necessary for the binding of an RNA polymerase II to the ...
Tissue-type plasminogen activator, short name tPA, is a protein that facilitates the breakdown of blood clots. It acts as an enzyme to convert plasminogen into its active form plasmin, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown. It is a serine protease (EC 3.4.21.68) found on endothelial cells lining the blood vessels.