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The law on the crime of murder in the U.S. state of California is defined by sections 187 through 191 of the California Penal Code. [1]The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate near the median for the entire country.
Felony murder can also be prosecuted for felonies not in this list, provided the felony is “inherently dangerous”. Whether a felony is inherently dangerous or not is done on a case-by-case basis and is found by the jury. Felonies that are inherently dangerous but not included in the above list are punished under PC 187, second degree murder.
The Penal Code enacted by the California State Legislature in February 1872 was derived from a penal code proposed by the New York code commission in 1865 which is frequently called the Field Penal Code after the most prominent of the code commissioners, David Dudley Field II (who did draft the commission's other proposed codes). [1]
California Penal Code section 187, subdivision (a) defines murder as "the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought".Subdivision (b) states that subdivision (a) does "not apply to any person who commits an act that results in the death of a fetus if any of the following apply: (1) The act complied with the Therapeutic Abortion Act [citation].
The strong New York influence on early California law started with the California Practice Act of 1851 (drafted with the help of Stephen Field), which was directly based upon the New York Code of Civil Procedure of 1850 (the Field Code). In turn, it was the California Practice Act that served as the foundation of the California Code of Civil ...
The Hundred Code is a three-digit police code system. [3] This code is usually pronounced digit-by-digit, using a radio alphabet for any letters, as 505 "five zero five" or 207A "two zero seven Alpha". The following codes are used in California. They are from the California Penal Code except where noted below. [4]
Keeler v. Superior Court, Supreme Court of California, 2 Cal. 3d 619 (1970), is a criminal case in which a man who deliberately killed a viable fetus in a woman, was determined not to be guilty of murder because the murder statute was written in 1850 when "human being" meant a person born alive, so there was no fair warning (), there being no common law crimes in California whereby statutory ...
The defendant was charged under § 187 of the California Penal Code. He was convicted of first degree murder by a jury.