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  2. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

  3. Partial charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_charge

    It is represented by the Greek lowercase delta (𝛿), namely 𝛿− or 𝛿+. Partial charges are created due to the asymmetric distribution of electrons in chemical bonds. For example, in a polar covalent bond like HCl, the shared electron oscillates between the bonded atoms. The resulting partial charges are a property only of zones within ...

  4. Delta baryon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_baryon

    The Delta states discussed here are only the lowest-mass quantum excitations of the proton and neutron. At higher spins , additional higher mass Delta states appear, all defined by having constant ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠ or ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ isospin (depending on charge), but with spin ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠ , ⁠ 5 / 2 ⁠ , ⁠ 7 / 2 ⁠ , ..., ⁠ 11 / 2 ...

  5. Plus and minus signs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs

    The plus sign (+) and the minus sign (−) are mathematical symbols used to denote positive and negative functions, respectively. In addition, + represents the operation of addition , which results in a sum , while − represents subtraction , resulting in a difference . [ 1 ]

  6. Reduction potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_potential

    In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...

  7. Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in...

    the Kronecker delta function [3] the Feigenbaum constants [4] the force of interest in mathematical finance; the Dirac delta function [5] the receptor which enkephalins have the highest affinity for in pharmacology [6] the Skorokhod integral in Malliavin calculus, a subfield of stochastic analysis; the minimum degree of any vertex in a given graph

  8. Möbius–Hückel concept - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Möbius–Hückel_concept

    Inspection of the Hückel one on the right, plusminus overlaps are seen between orbital pairs 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 6-1, corresponding to an even number (4), as required by a Hückel system. The plusminus orientation of each orbital is arbitrary since these are just basis set orbitals and do not correspond to any molecular orbital. If any ...

  9. Inductive effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_effect

    In Organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. [1] It is present in a σ (sigma) bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π (pi) bond.