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The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اُردُو حُرُوفِ تَہَجِّی, romanized: urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has co-official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
The following table shows code page 868. Each character is shown with its equivalent Unicode code point. Only the second half of the table (code points 128–255) is shown, the first half (code points 0–127) being the same as code page 437, except for code point 37 (25 hex) which is defined as U+066A ARABIC PERCENT SIGN ٪ instead of U+0025 PERCENT SIGN % .
A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the format &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh; where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form.
Many scripts in Unicode, such as Arabic, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms.In English, the common ampersand (&) developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters e and t (spelling et, Latin for and) were combined. [1]
Grouped by their numerical property as used in a text, Unicode has four values for Numeric Type. First there is the "not a number" type. Then there are decimal-radix numbers, commonly used in Western style decimals (plain 0–9), there are numbers that are not part of a decimal system such as Roman numbers, and decimal numbers in typographic context, such as encircled numbers.
The number of code points in each block must be a multiple of 16. A block may contain code points that are reserved, not-assigned, etc. Each character that is assigned, has a single "block name" value from the 338 names assigned as of Unicode version 16.0. Unassigned code points outside of an existing block have the default value "No_block".
Unicode characters are distinguished by code points, which are conventionally represented by "U+" followed by four, five or six hexadecimal digits, for example U+00AE or U+1D310. Characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), containing modern scripts – including many Chinese and Japanese characters – and many symbols, have a 4-digit code.
The reserved code points (the "holes") in the alphabetic ranges up to U+1D551 duplicate characters in the Letterlike Symbols block. In order, these are ℎ / ℬ ℰ ℱ ℋ ℐ ℒ ℳ ℛ / ℯ ℊ ℴ / ℭ ℌ ℑ ℜ ℨ / ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ ℤ.