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Underfitting is the inverse of overfitting, meaning that the statistical model or machine learning algorithm is too simplistic to accurately capture the patterns in the data. A sign of underfitting is that there is a high bias and low variance detected in the current model or algorithm used (the inverse of overfitting: low bias and high variance ).
In statistics and machine learning, the bias–variance tradeoff describes the relationship between a model's complexity, the accuracy of its predictions, and how well it can make predictions on previously unseen data that were not used to train the model. In general, as we increase the number of tunable parameters in a model, it becomes more ...
Data augmentation is a statistical technique which allows maximum likelihood estimation from incomplete data. [1] [2] Data augmentation has important applications in Bayesian analysis, [3] and the technique is widely used in machine learning to reduce overfitting when training machine learning models, [4] achieved by training models on several slightly-modified copies of existing data.
Compute the Euclidean or Mahalanobis distance from the query example to the labeled examples. Order the labeled examples by increasing distance. Find a heuristically optimal number k of nearest neighbors, based on RMSE. This is done using cross validation. Calculate an inverse distance weighted average with the k-nearest multivariate neighbors.
Consequently, for each query, only a small subset of the experts should be queried. This makes MoE in deep learning different from classical MoE. In classical MoE, the output for each query is a weighted sum of all experts' outputs. In deep learning MoE, the output for each query can only involve a few experts' outputs.
A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]
Pruning is a data compression technique in machine learning and search algorithms that reduces the size of decision trees by removing sections of the tree that are non-critical and redundant to classify instances.
Bootstrap aggregating, also called bagging (from bootstrap aggregating) or bootstrapping, is a machine learning (ML) ensemble meta-algorithm designed to improve the stability and accuracy of ML classification and regression algorithms.