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Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium.
Calcium chloride was apparently discovered in the 15th century but wasn't studied properly until the 18th century. [11] It was historically called "fixed sal ammoniac" (Latin: sal ammoniacum fixum [12]) because it was synthesized during the distillation of ammonium chloride with lime and was nonvolatile (while the former appeared to sublime); in more modern times (18th-19th cc.) it was called ...
Calcium oxide (formula: Ca O), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at ...
Calcium carbonate is used in the production of calcium oxide as well as toothpaste and has seen a resurgence as a food preservative and color retainer, when used in or with products such as organic apples. [58] Calcium carbonate is used therapeutically as phosphate binder in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. It is the most common form of ...
Calcium ascorbate is a compound with the molecular formula CaC 12 H 14 O 12. It is the calcium salt of ascorbic acid, one of the mineral ascorbates. It is approximately 10% calcium by mass. As a food additive, it has the E number E 302. It is approved for use as a food in the EU, [2] USA [3] and Australia and New Zealand. [4]
Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO 4 and related hydrates. In the form of γ- anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant . One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris , and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum .
10% calcium gluconate solution (given intravenously) is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of low blood calcium.This form of calcium is not as well absorbed as calcium lactate, [12] and it only contains 0.93% (93 mg/dL) calcium ion (defined by 1 g weight solute in 100 mL of solution to make 1% solution w/v).
Calcium silicates are produced by treating calcium oxide and silica in various ratios. Their formation is relevant to Portland cement. [5] Calcium silicate is a byproduct of the Pidgeon process, a major route to magnesium metal. The process converts a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxides as represented by the following simplified equation: [6]