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A cooling curve of naphthalene from liquid to solid. A cooling curve is a line graph that represents the change of phase of matter, typically from a gas to a solid or a liquid to a solid. The independent variable (X-axis) is time and the dependent variable (Y-axis) is temperature. [1] Below is an example of a cooling curve used in castings.
A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C. These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation , to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator , or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature ...
The result of a DSC experiment is a curve of heat flux versus temperature or versus time. There are two different conventions: exothermic reactions in the sample shown with a positive or negative peak, depending on the kind of technology used in the experiment. This curve can be used to calculate enthalpies of transitions. This is done by ...
This procedure is known as Computer-Aided Cooling Curve Thermal Analysis. [4] Advanced techniques use differential curves to locate endothermic inflection points such as gas holes, and shrinkage, or exothermic phases such as carbides, beta crystals, inter crystalline copper, magnesium silicide, iron phosphide's and other phases as they solidify.
An associated thermoanalytical method is thermomechanical analysis. A special related technique is thermodilatometry (TD), the measurement of a change of a dimension of the sample with a negligible force acting on the sample while it is subjected to a temperature regime. The associated thermoanalytical method is thermodilatometric analysis (TDA).
The cooling produced in the Joule–Thomson expansion makes it a valuable tool in refrigeration. [8] [20] The effect is applied in the Linde technique as a standard process in the petrochemical industry, where the cooling effect is used to liquefy gases, and in many cryogenic applications (e.g. for the production of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and ...
Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry.In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference. [1]
Power compensation calorimetry is a variation of the heat flow technique. This method utilizes a cooling jacket operating at constant flow and temperature. The process temperature is regulated by adjusting the power of an electrical heater. At the start of the experiment, the electrical heat and cooling power are balanced.