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The first scanner to store its images digitally onto a computer was a drum scanner built in 1957 at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS, later NIST) by a team led by Russell A. Kirsch. It used a photomultiplier tube to detect light at a given point and produced an amplified signal that a computer could read and store into memory.
Processing power and storage capacities have grown beyond all recognition since the 1970s, but the underlying technology has remained basically the same of large-scale integration (LSI) or very-large-scale integration (VLSI) microchips, so it is widely regarded that most of today's computers still belong to the fourth generation.
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SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer) demonstrated at US NBS in Washington, DC – was the first fully functional stored-program computer in the U.S. May 1950: UK The Pilot ACE computer, with 800 vacuum tubes, and mercury delay lines for its main memory, became operational on 10 May 1950 at the National Physical Laboratory near London.
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The DEC PDP11/34 computer played a pivotal role in the operation of the ACTA and 200FS scanners. It controlled the gantry, managed the scanning process, and processed raw data into the final images. Remarkably, this computer functioned with a mere 64 KB of memory and a 5 MB hard disk, which held both the operating program and the acquired raw data.
In today's puzzle, there are eight theme words to find (including the spangram). Hint: The first one can be found in the bottom-half of the board. Here are the first two letters for each word: