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In EDS maglev trains, both the rail and the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive force between these magnetic fields. The magnetic field in the train is produced by either superconducting magnets (as in SCMaglev ) or by an array of permanent magnets (as in Inductrack ).
Since a maglev requires a guiding rail, it is mostly used in railed transport systems like trains. Since the first commercial maglev train was opened in Birmingham , England in 1984, other commercial EMS maglev train systems, such as the M-Bahn and the Transrapid have also been put into limited use.
This pulls the train forward from the front, and thrusts the train forward from the back. [9] A typical Maglev train costs three cents per passenger mile, or seven cents per ton mile (not including construction costs). [10] This compares to 15 cents per passenger miles for travel by plane and 30 cents for ton mile for travel by intercity trucks ...
Transrapid 09 at the Emsland test facility in Lower Saxony, Germany A full trip on the Shanghai Transrapid maglev train Example of low-speed urban maglev system, Linimo. Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a system of rail transport whose rolling stock is levitated by electromagnets rather than rolled on wheels, eliminating rolling resistance.
The advantages of a ground effect train over a maglev are lower cost due to simpler construction. Disadvantages include either constant input of energy to keep the train hovering (in the case of hovercraft-like vehicles) or the necessity to keep the vehicle moving for it to remain off the ground (in the case of wing-in-ground effect vehicles).
San Diego: San Diego is considering a high-speed maglev line to serve as a passenger transportation mode to remote airport sites under consideration. The cost estimate is approximately US$10 billion for the 120–150 km (80–100 mile) run, not including the cost of construction of the airport. [31]
Amtrak plans to spend $7.3 billion to replace 83 passenger trains, some nearly a half-century old, though much of the funding must still be approved by Congress.
Three-car train set. Former world speed record for maglev trains. 552 (343) MLX01: Maglev: Yamanashi Maglev Test Line: 14 April 1999: Five-car train set. Former world speed record for maglev trains. 581 (361) MLX01: Maglev: Yamanashi Maglev Test Line: 2 December 2003: Three-car train set. Former world speed record for all trains. 590 (367) L0 ...