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In the mid-19th century, measurements were made determining that the burning rate within a grain of black powder (or a tightly packed mass) is about 6 cm/s (0.20 feet/s), while the rate of ignition propagation from grain to grain is around 9 m/s (30 feet/s), over two orders of magnitude faster.
There are 7,000 grains in one pound. Black powder substitutes are formulated to be a volume-for-volume equivalent of black powder, not an equivalent mass-for-mass (weight-for-weight). Black powder substitutes are measured by volumetric measurement techniques, not in grains on a scale, due to the difference in density compared to black powder.
Contrary to urban legend, an M-80 that contains 3,000 mg of powder is not equivalent to a quarter-stick of dynamite. Dynamite generally contains a stable nitroglycerin -based high explosive, whereas M-80s or any other kind of firecracker contain a low explosive powder, like flash powder or black powder.
Loads (bullet weights and gunpowder loads) varied greatly. As the weight and strength increased, gunpowder loads went from 8 drams (0.5 oz, 218.75 grains, or 14.17 grams) of powder to a full ounce (16 drams, 437.5 grains, or 28.35 grams). The advent of rifling after about 1860, allowed longer conical projectiles to be stabilised, and, aside ...
The original black-powder loads called for 40 grains (2.6 g) of black powder behind an Ogival & flat nosed 255-grain (16.5 g) lead bullet. These loads developed muzzle velocities of 1,050 ft/s (320 m/s). However, this load generated too much recoil for the average soldier and was, after a few years, reduced to 28 gr (1.8 g) of black powder ...
For handgun cartridges, with heavy bullets and light powder charges (a 9×19mm, for example, might use 5 grains (320 mg) of powder, and a 115 grains (7.5 g) bullet), the powder recoil is not a significant force; for a rifle cartridge (a .22-250 Remington, using 40 grains (2.6 g) of powder and a 40 grains (2.6 g) bullet), the powder can be the ...
The .450 Black Powder Express is a rimmed, straight walled, centerfire rifle cartridge designed for use with blackpowder. It was available in a number of loadings with bullets weighing from 270 to 365 grains (17.5 to 23.7 g), all driven by 120 grains (7.8 g) of black powder. [1] [3]
A reduced-power load of 55 grains (3.6 g) of powder (Carbine Load) was manufactured for carbine use with a muzzle velocity of 1,150 feet per second (350 m/s). [4] In 1884, the US Ordnance Department increased the bullet weight of the 45–70 to 45–70–500, or a 45 caliber bullet, 70 grains of black powder, and a 500 grain bullet. [3]