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Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
Lung diseases due to external agents (1 C, 20 P) P. Pneumonia (2 C, 50 P) R. ... Restrictive lung disease; Rheotrauma; Rheumatoid lung disease; S. Sarcoidosis ...
While a lung biopsy is the gold standard, some clinicians opt against this due to the risks of the procedure. Lung biopsies performed on patients with NSIP reveal two different disease patterns – cellular and fibrosing – which are associated with different prognoses. The cellular pattern displays chronic inflammation with minimal fibrosis.
Exposure to coal dust is the cause of coalworker's pneumoconiosis, also called "black lung disease", is an interstitial lung disease caused by long-term exposure (over 10 years) to coal dust. Symptoms include shortness of breath and lowered pulmonary function. It can be fatal when advanced.
Pneumoconiosis is the general term for a class of interstitial lung disease where inhalation of dust (for example, ash dust, lead particles, pollen grains etc) has caused interstitial fibrosis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The three most common types are asbestosis , silicosis , and coal miner's lung . [ 3 ]
Extrapulmonary restriction is a type of restrictive lung disease, indicated by decreased alveolar ventilation with accompanying hypercapnia.It is characterized as an inhibition to the drive to breathe, or an ineffective restoration of the drive to breathe.
Signs of the underlying disease causing the fibrothorax are also occasionally seen on the X-ray. [6] A CT scan may show features similar to those seen on a plain X-ray. [7] Lung function testing typically demonstrates findings consistent with restrictive lung disease. [6]
Preservation of lung volumes in the presence of increased interstitial markings is a radiographic hallmark of LAM that helps distinguish it from most other interstitial lung diseases, in which alveolar septal and interstitial expansion tend to increase the lung's elastic recoil properties and decreased lung volumes. [citation needed]