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Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B 1). [1] A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. [1] [7] The name beriberi was possibly borrowed in the 18th century from the Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”), owing to the weakness caused by the condition.
Baron Takaki Kanehiro (高木 兼寛, 30 October 1849 – 12 April 1920) was a Japanese naval physician.He is known for his work on preventing the vitamin deficiency disease beriberi among sailors in the Japanese navy, who had been living mainly on white rice.
William Fletcher (born 11 October 1872 in Lemsford, Hertfordshire, [1] died 18 September 1938) [2] was an English medical doctor who in 1907 published the results of an experiment showing beriberi could be prevented by eating unpolished rice. [3] [4]
Under his leadership, an estimated 27,000 soldiers in the army died of beriberi during the Russo-Japanese War; in contrast, almost no sailors died. [8] In 1908, the Diet of Japan appointed Mori as the head of the Beriberi Research Council to investigate the causes of the disease. [ 9 ]
Unlike some diseases, Thiamine deficiency or beriberi, is a treatable, preventable disease caused by the deficiency of vitamin B 1. [29] First seen in 1642 by the Dutch physician Jacobus Bontius, it was named for the Sinhalese word meaning weakness-weakness. [29] Beriberi is seen in two forms: wet and dry.
Gerrit Grijns (May 28, 1865 – November 11, 1944), was a Dutch researcher and co-discoverer of vitamin B1 as the successor to the later Nobel Prize winner Christiaan Eijkman.
Christiaan Eijkman (UK: / ˈ eɪ k m ə n, ˈ aɪ k m ə n / AYK-mən, EYEK-mən, [1] US: /-m ɑː n /-mahn, [2] Dutch: [ˈkrɪstijaːn ˈɛikmɑn]; 11 August 1858 – 5 November 1930) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of antineuritic vitamins ().
In 1884, while captain of Tsukuba, the ship suffered from an outbreak of beriberi in which 23 crewmen died. Subsequently, Tsukuba was used as the basis of a successful experiment by naval doctor Takaki Kanehiro into the sailors' diet, which later eliminated beriberi as an issue within the Japanese navy.