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[1] [3] The small calorie or gram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to cause the same increase in one milliliter of water. [3] [4] [5] [1] Thus, 1 large calorie is equal to 1000 small calories. A 710-millilitre (24 US fl oz) Monster energy drink with 330 large calories
The calorie is defined as the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 °C, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J.
In SI units, one kilocalorie per mole is equal to 4.184 kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol), which comes to approximately 6.9477 × 10 −21 joules per molecule, or about 0.043 eV per molecule. At room temperature (25 °C, 77 °F, or 298.15 K), one kilocalorie per mole is approximately equal to 1.688 kT per molecule.
In chemistry, heat amounts are often measured in calories. Confusingly, two units with that name, denoted "cal" or "Cal", have been commonly used to measure amounts of heat: The "small calorie" (or "gram-calorie", "cal") is exactly 4.184 J. It was originally defined so that the heat capacity of 1 gram of liquid water would be 1 cal/°C.
For example, if you typically consume 3,500 calories per day, in order to lose a pound per week, you might shave 500 calories off of your daily caloric intake in order to lower your daily average.
For an overall efficiency of 20%, one watt of mechanical power is equivalent to 18 kJ/h (4.3 kcal/h). For example, a manufacturer of rowing equipment shows calories released from "burning" food as four times the actual mechanical work, plus 1,300 kJ (300 kcal) per hour, [16] which amounts to about 20% efficiency at 250 watts of mechanical output.
The typical energy released as heat by a person at rest every 1/60 s (~ 16.6667 ms, basal metabolic rate); about 5,000 kJ (1,200 kcal) / day. The amount of electricity required to run a 1 W device for 1 s. The energy required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s 2 through a distance of 1 m.
These conferences originally adopted the simplified definition that 860 "IT" calories corresponded to exactly 1 international ... 1.0551 kJ (kilojoules) 0.2931 W⋅ ...