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  2. Constructive possession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_possession

    Constructive possession can also refer to items inside of a vehicle. The owner and driver of the vehicle can be in constructive possession of all things inside their car. If a minor were driving their vehicle with passengers possessing alcohol or any illegal substance, the driver may be cited for constructive possession.

  3. Plain view doctrine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_view_doctrine

    When using the plain view doctrine, investigators must possess the evidence needed to meet the probable cause requirement, as they are only exempt from the step of obtaining a warrant from a judge. [14] The doctrine only authorizes the seizure of contraband or evidence; it does not authorize a further search or additional investigation. [15]

  4. Chain of custody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_custody

    Documentation should include the conditions under which the evidence is gathered, the identity of all evidence handlers, duration of evidence custody, security conditions while handling or storing the evidence, and the manner in which evidence is transferred to subsequent custodians each time a transfer occurs (along with the signatures of ...

  5. Federal Rules of Evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Evidence

    On December 1, 2011, the restyled Federal Rules of Evidence became effective. [13] Since the early 2000s, an effort had been underway to restyle the Federal Rules of Evidence as well as other federal court rules (e.g. the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure). According to a statement by the advisory committee that had drafted the restyled rules ...

  6. Constructive eviction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_eviction

    Constructive eviction is a circumstance where a tenant's use of the property is so significantly impeded by actions under the landlord's authority that the tenant has no alternative but to vacate the premises. [1] The doctrine applies when a landlord of real property has acted in a way that renders the property uninhabitable. Constructive ...

  7. Constructive Notice: The Duty to Inspect - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/constructive-notice-duty...

    State, 75 A.D.3d 893 (3d Dept. 2010), the court held that evidence of spalling on a sill was constructive notice of deterioration and supported a determination that defendant's failure to maintain ...

  8. Exigent circumstance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exigent_circumstance

    Emergency aid doctrine is an exception to the Fourth Amendment, allowing warrantless entry to premises if exigent circumstances make it necessary. [8] A number of exceptions are classified under the general heading of criminal enforcement: where evidence of a suspected crime is in danger of being lost; where the police officers are in hot pursuit; where there is a probability that a suspect ...

  9. Minnesota v. Dickerson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_v._Dickerson

    Minnesota v. Dickerson, 508 U.S. 366 (1993), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.The Court unanimously held that, when a police officer who is conducting a lawful patdown search for weapons feels something that plainly is contraband, the object may be seized even though it is not a weapon.