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The mineralogy of Mars is the chemical composition of rocks and soil that encompass the surface of Mars. ... Phyllosilicates. Kaolinite (Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4}
Basalt has been identified on Mars in many places. Instruments on orbiting spacecraft have detected clay (also called phyllosilicates ) in some layers. Scientists are excited about finding hydrated minerals such as sulfates and clays on Mars because they are usually formed in the presence of water. [ 2 ]
Phyllosilicates are sheet silicate minerals, formed by parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with Si 2 O 5 in a 2:5 ratio. Subcategories. This category has the ...
The composition of Mars covers the branch of the geology of Mars that describes the make-up of the planet Mars. " Hottah " rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] viewed by the Curiosity Rover (September 12, 2012, white balanced ) ( raw , close-up , 3-D version ).
Another study also observed phyllosilicates to be closely located to chlorides with CRISM, as well as THEMIS. [5] Phyllosilicates also provide evidence for aqueous processes occurring during the Noachian period. [9] Both studies determined that the phyllosilicates were deposited first. [5] [8]
Nili Fossae is a group of large, concentric grabens on Mars, in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. They have been eroded and partly filled in by sediments and clay-rich ejecta from a nearby giant impact crater, the Isidis basin. [1] It is at approximately 22°N, 75°E, and has an elevation of −0.6 km (−0.37 mi).
Martian regolith is toxic, due to relatively high concentrations of perchlorate compounds containing chlorine. [3] Elemental chlorine was first discovered during localised investigations by Mars rover Sojourner, and has been confirmed by Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity.
OMEGA identified outcroppings of phyllosilicates at numerous locations on Mars, all in rocks that were exclusively Pre-Noachian or Noachian in age (most notably in rock exposures in Nili Fossae and Mawrth Vallis). Phyllosillicates require a water-rich, alkaline environment to form.