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Launched in 1996, it used the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter, and Thermal Emission Spectrometer to show layering on the surface, presence of surface ice, and the mineral hematite. The presence of ice over the surface is essential to understanding why certain water bearing minerals are on Mars.
The composition of Mars covers the branch of the geology of Mars that describes the make-up of the planet Mars. " Hottah " rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] viewed by the Curiosity Rover (September 12, 2012, white balanced ) ( raw , close-up , 3-D version ).
Wislicenus crater contains layers, also called strata. Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Sometimes the layers are of different colors. Light-toned rocks on Mars have been associated with hydrated minerals like sulfates. The Mars rover Opportunity examined such layers close-up with several instruments. Some layers are probably ...
Another study also observed phyllosilicates to be closely located to chlorides with CRISM, as well as THEMIS. [5] Phyllosilicates also provide evidence for aqueous processes occurring during the Noachian period. [9] Both studies determined that the phyllosilicates were deposited first. [5] [8]
Phyllosilicates are sheet silicate minerals, formed by parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with Si 2 O 5 in a 2:5 ratio. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phyllosilicates . Subcategories
Nili Fossae is a group of large, concentric grabens on Mars, in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. They have been eroded and partly filled in by sediments and clay-rich ejecta from a nearby giant impact crater, the Isidis basin. [1] It is at approximately 22°N, 75°E, and has an elevation of −0.6 km (−0.37 mi).
OMEGA identified outcroppings of phyllosilicates at numerous locations on Mars, all in rocks that were exclusively Pre-Noachian or Noachian in age (most notably in rock exposures in Nili Fossae and Mawrth Vallis). Phyllosillicates require a water-rich, alkaline environment to form.
Martian rocks and outcrops have been studied in-situ by various landers and rovers.While many of the rocks identified on the Martian surface are similar to each other, some have been considered scientifically important or otherwise notable and have been subjected to more extensive study or public interest.