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In the imperial measurement systems, "pitch" is usually expressed with the rise first and run second (in the US, run is held to number 12; [1] e.g., 3:12, 4:12, 5:12). In metric systems either the angle in degrees or rise per unit of run, expressed as a '1 in _' slope (where a '1 in 1' equals 45°) is used.
Timber roof truss example. The top members of a truss are known generically as the top chord, bottom members as the bottom chord, and the interior members as webs.In historic carpentry the top chords are often called rafters, and the bottom chord is often referred to as a tie beam.
Bonnet roof: A reversed gambrel or Mansard roof with the lower portion at a lower pitch than the upper portion. Monitor roof : A roof with a monitor; 'a raised structure running part or all of the way along the ridge of a double-pitched roof, with its own roof running parallel with the main roof.'
Pre-manufactured roof trusses come in a wide variety of styles. They are designed by the manufacturer for each specific building. Timber trusses also are built in a variety of styles using wood or metal joints. Heavy timber rafters typically spaced 240 cm (8 ft) to 370 cm (12 ft) apart are called principal rafters.
When the pitch it greater than 62° it is called a Gothic (gotisches) or Old German roof (altdeutsches Dach) If the roof has the shape of an equilateral triangle and 60° pitch it is called an Old Franconian ( altfränkisches ) (commonly found in the region of Franconia ) or Old French roof ( altfranzösisches Dach ) [ 9 ]
Truss derives from the Old French word trousse, from around 1200 AD, which means "collection of things bound together". [5] [6] The term truss has often been used to describe any assembly of members such as a cruck frame [7] [8] or a couple of rafters.
It is typically limited to applications on dead level or flat roofs with slopes of 1 ⁄ 4 in 12 (1:48) or less. It is the only roofing material permitted by the International Building Code to be applied to slopes below 1 ⁄ 4 in 12; the code allows its use on roofs with slopes as low as 1 ⁄ 8 in 12 (1:96). [ 24 ]
A hammer-beam is a form of timber roof truss, allowing a hammerbeam roof to span greater than the length of any individual piece of timber.In place of a normal tie beam spanning the entire width of the roof, short beams – the hammer beams – are supported by curved braces from the wall, and hammer posts or arch-braces are built on top to support the rafters and typically a collar beam.
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