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Philosophers such as Socrates (c. 470–399 BCE), as well as the sophistic movement, which led to an influx of foreign teachers, created a shift from Old Education to a new Higher Education. [11] This Higher Education expanded formal education, and Athenian society began to hold intellectual capacity in higher regard than physical. [11]
Socratic questioning (or Socratic maieutics) [1] is an educational method named after Socrates that focuses on discovering answers by asking questions of students. According to Plato, Socrates believed that "the disciplined practice of thoughtful questioning enables the scholar/student to examine ideas and be able to determine the validity of those ideas". [2]
Socrates rarely used the method to actually develop consistent theories, and he even made frequent use of creative myths and allegories. The Parmenides dialogue shows Parmenides using the Socratic method to point out the flaws in the Platonic theory of forms , as presented by Socrates; it is not the only dialogue in which theories normally ...
Embrace these quotes from one of the founding fathers of Western philosophy.
The VTech Socrates is an 8-bit educational home video game console manufactured and released in 1988 by VTech. The console features a robot character Socrates, named after the philosopher . The character is similar to Johnny Five from the Short Circuit movies.
Socrates is known for proclaiming his total ignorance; he used to say that the only thing he was aware of was his ignorance, seeking to imply that the realization of one's ignorance is the first step in philosophizing. Socrates exerted a strong influence on philosophers in later antiquity and has continued to do so in the modern era.
Socrates' attitude towards the sophists was not entirely oppositional. In one dialogue Socrates even stated that the sophists were better educators than he was, [20] which he validated by sending one of his students to study under a sophist. [21] W. K. C. Guthrie classified Socrates as a sophist in his History of Greek Philosophy. [21]
Athenian education emphasized intellectual development alongside physical training, with a strong focus on the arts, philosophy, and rhetoric. This system was designed to prepare young men for active participation in the democratic processes of the city-state.