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The occipital bun pointed out on a Neanderthal skull. The occipital bun is a protuberance of the occipital bone. Its size and shape has been compared to that of a dinner roll. It is a quintessential trait of Neanderthals, though it is a trend in archaic Homo species. The true purpose of the occipital bun has not yet been defined. [3]
Pachycephalosaurus is famous for having a large, bony dome on top of its skull, up to 25 cm (10 in) thick, which safely cushioned its brain. The dome's rear aspect was edged with bony knobs and short bony spikes projected upwards from the snout. However, the spikes were probably blunted, not sharp. [26]
Paranthropus aethiopicus' sagittal crest on top of the head. A sagittal crest is a ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top of the skull (at the sagittal suture) of many mammalian and reptilian skulls, among others. The presence of this ridge of bone indicates that there are exceptionally strong jaw muscles.
The inion is the most prominent projection of the protuberance which is located at the posterioinferior (rear lower) part of the human skull. The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it. The inion (ἰνίον, iníon, Greek for the occipital bone) is used as a landmark in the 10-20 system in electroencephalography (EEG) recording.
Peterson, Dischler & Longrich (2013) studied cranial pathologies among the Pachycephalosauridae and found that 22% of all domes examined had lesions that are consistent with osteomyelitis, an infection of the bone resulting from penetrating trauma, or trauma to the tissue overlying the skull leading to an infection of the bone tissue.
A torus palatinus (pl.: tori palatini), or palatal torus (pl.: palatal tori), is a bony protrusion on the palate. Palatal tori are usually present on the midline of the hard palate. [1] Most palatal tori are less than 2 cm in diameter, but their size can change throughout life.
Scalp folliculitis is a skin condition that occurs when the hair follicles on the scalp become inflamed. This results in pustules, whiteheads, or other pimple-like bumps on the scalp that can be ...
An osteoma (plural osteomas or less commonly osteomata) is a new piece of bone usually growing as a benign tumour on another piece of bone, typically the skull.When grown on other bone it is known as "homoplastic osteoma"; on other tissue it is called "heteroplastic osteoma".