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The seven days of the week of the Hindu calendar also corresponds with the seven classical planets and related day names of European culture and are named accordingly in most languages of the Indian subcontinent. Most Hindu temples around the world have a designated place dedicated to the worship of the navagraha.
The Aryabhatiya is composed of four sections, covering topics such as units of time, methods for determining the positions of planets, the cause of day and night, and several other cosmological concepts. [10] Later, Indian astronomy significantly influenced Muslim astronomy, Chinese astronomy, European astronomy and others. [11]
Months in the modern Indian national calendar-- despite still carrying names that derive from the nakshatras -- do not signify any material correlation. It stands to reason that during the original naming of these months -- whenever that happened -- they were indeed based on the nakshatras that coincided with them in some manner.
Proper names of planetary systems often follow common themes – for example, the planets of the star Copernicus are named after European astronomers. Proper names for planets outside of the Solar System – known as exoplanets – are chosen by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) through public naming contests known as NameExoWorlds.
Budha is the planet that appears in various Hindu astronomical texts in Sanskrit, such as the 5th century CE Aryabhatiya by Aryabhatta, the 6th century CE Romaka by Latadeva and Panca Siddhantika by Varahamihira, the 7th century CE Khandakhadyaka by Brahmagupta, and the 8th century CE Sisyadhivrddida by Lalla.
It represents the ascension of the Moon in its precessional orbit around the Earth, also referred as the north lunar node, [2] and along with Ketu, is a "shadow planet" that causes eclipses. Despite having no physical existence, Rahu has been allocated the status of the planet by ancient seers owing to its strong influence in astrology.
Shukravara is found in most Indian languages, and Shukra Graha is driven by the planet Venus in Hindu astrology. The word "Friday" in the Greco-Roman and other Indo-European calendars is also based on the planet Venus. Shukra is a part of the Navagraha in the Hindu zodiac system. The Navagraha developed from early works of astrology over time.
In some Indian texts, Soma is the name of an apsara; alternatively it is the name of any medicinal concoction, or rice-water gruel, or heaven and sky, as well as the name of certain places of pilgrimage.