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DOCSIS employs a mixture of deterministic access methods for upstream transmissions, specifically time-division multiple access (TDMA) for DOCSIS 1.0/1.1 and both TDMA and S-CDMA for DOCSIS 2.0 and 3.0, with a limited use of contention for bandwidth reservation requests. In TDMA, a cable modem requests a time to transmit and the CMTS grants it ...
For example, a single link PCIe 3.0 interface has an 8 Gbit/s transfer rate, yet its usable bandwidth is only about 7.88 Gbit/s. z Uses 8b/10b encoding , meaning that 20% of each transfer is used by the interface instead of carrying data from between the hardware components at each end of the interface.
If the HFC network is large, the cable modem termination system can be grouped into hubs for efficient management. Several standards have been used for cable internet, but the most common is DOCSIS. [1] A cable modem at the customer is connected via coaxial cable to an optical node, and thus into an HFC network.
A given headend may have between 1–12 CMTSs to service the cable modem population served by that headend or HFC hub. One way to think of a CMTS is to imagine a router with Ethernet interfaces (connections) on one side and coaxial cable RF interfaces on the other side. The Ethernet side is known as the Network Side Interface or NSI. [3] [4]
Cable modems can have a problem known in industry jargon as "flap" or "flapping". [23] A modem flap is when the connection by the modem to the head-end has been dropped (gone offline) and then comes back online. The time offline or rate of flap is not typically recorded, only the incidence.
Link aggregation increases total throughput beyond what a single connection could sustain, and provides redundancy where all but one of the physical links may fail without losing connectivity. A link aggregation group ( LAG ) is the combined collection of physical ports.
The written USB 3.0 specification was released by Intel and its partners in August 2008. The first USB 3.0 controller chips were sampled by NEC in May 2009, [4] and the first products using the USB 3.0 specification arrived in January 2010. [5] USB 3.0 connectors are generally backward compatible, but include new wiring and full-duplex operation.
USB 2.0 0 1 0 32 128 7.14 German version only. Flash memory shared between OS, NAS and answering machine. Has both a physical TAE and RJ11 FXS port, but both cannot be used simultaneously. Available only in Germany as an OEM model. FRITZ!Box 7369 VDSL2 — 4 Gigabit b/g/n 2.4 300 2 USB 2.0 a/b 1 0 22 512 6.34 English version only.