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Polyploid plants can arise spontaneously in nature by several mechanisms, including meiotic or mitotic failures, and fusion of unreduced (2n) gametes. [41] Both autopolyploids (e.g. potato [75]) and allopolyploids (such as canola, wheat and cotton) can be found among both wild and domesticated plant species.
Species Common name Family Hybridization Confirmed or putative hybridization? Putative parental/ introgressive species Polyploid or homoploid? Polyploid chromosome count References Notes Abelmoschus esculentus: Okra: Malvaceae: Allopolyploid origin: Putative: Uncertain: Polyploid (tetraploid) usually 2n=4x=130: Joshi and Hardas, 1956 ...
The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
The so-called Brassica triangle is an example of allopolyploidy, where three different parent species have hybridized in all possible pair combinations to produce three new species. [40] Polyploidy occurs commonly in plants, but rarely in animals.
For a hybrid form to persist, it must be able to exploit the available resources better than either parent species, which, in most cases, it will have to compete with.For example: while grizzly bears and polar bears may be able to mate and produce offspring, a grizzly–polar bear hybrid is apparently less- suited in either of the parents' ecological niches than the original parent species ...
It has been suggested that many polyploidization events created new species, via a gain of adaptive traits, or by sexual incompatibility with their diploid counterparts. An example would be the recent speciation of allopolyploid Spartina — S. anglica; the polyploid plant is so successful that it is listed as an invasive species in many ...
In plants, hybridization mostly generates speciation events, [5] and commonly produces polyploid species. Factors like polyploidy events also plays significant factors for understanding the hybridization events (Example: an F1 hybrid of Jatropha curcas x Ricinus communis), [6] because these polyploids tend to have an advantage for the early ...
It has been suggested that many of the existing plant and most animal species have undergone an event of polyploidization in their evolutionary history. [77] [78] Reproduction of successful polyploid species is sometimes asexual, by parthenogenesis or apomixis, as for unknown reasons many asexual organisms are polyploid. Rare instances of ...