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By blocking the MR, spironolactone inhibits the effects of mineralocorticoids in the body. [11] The antimineralocorticoid activity of spironolactone is responsible for its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of edema, high blood pressure, heart failure, hyperaldosteronism, and ascites due to cirrhosis.
A study found that oral spironolactone had "about 10 to 20% of the feminizing effect of cyproterone acetate" on sexual differentiation in male rat fetuses, with a dose of 40 mg/day spironolactone having an effect equal to 1–3 mg/day cyproterone acetate. [35] [36]
Gels have a jelly-like property and dry in a thin and watery film. Gel formulations have therapeutic effects as good as ointments and appearance as cosmetically appealing as creams, resulting in a high patient acceptance. [4] Gels are absorbed readily and are appropriate for distributing topical glucocorticoids to hairy areas.
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≥1.7 Polyuria: 2: 0.6: 8: 1.2 Fatigue/lethargy: 1: 0.3: ≥12 a: ≥1.8 Footnotes: a = Precise values unavailable due to inadequate reporting. b = Not monitored in most studies. Description: Side effects of spironolactone (25–400 mg/day) with ≥1% incidence in a 2017 hybrid systematic review of clinical studies of spironolactone for acne ...
Topical gel. The texture of topical gels is less greasy as it contains a higher proportion of water compared with cream and ointment. [3] [1] [2] [8] These gels have an excellent spreading property and cooling effect due to solvent evaporation, and also has a higher retention time on the skin.
Tapinarof, also known as benvitimod and sold under the brand name Vtama, is a medication used for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. [1] The medication is applied to the skin . [ 1 ] Besides its use in medicine, tapinarof is a naturally occurring compound found in bacterial symbionts of nematodes which has antibiotic properties.
In medicine, a finger tip unit (FTU) is defined as the amount of ointment, cream or other semi-solid dosage form expressed from a tube with a 5 mm diameter nozzle, applied from the distal skin-crease to the tip of the index finger of an adult. [1] [2] The "distal skin-crease" is the skin crease over the joint nearest the end of the finger. One ...