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The drugs that enter an individual tend to stimulate certain receptors, ion channels, act on enzymes or transport proteins. As a result, they cause the human body to react in a specific way. Based on drug action on receptors, there are 2 different types of drugs: Agonists – they stimulate and activate the receptors
The 5-HT receptors, the receptors for serotonin, are located on the cell membrane of nerve cells and other cell types in animals, and mediate the effects of serotonin as the endogenous ligand and of a broad range of pharmaceutical and psychedelic drugs. Except for the 5-HT 3 receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel, all other 5-HT receptors are G ...
The emetic response was selected for protective purposes, and serves as a safeguard against poisoning of the body. This response gets toxins and drugs out of the body by summoning control over motor neurons which stimulate muscles in the chest and thoracic diaphragm to expel contents from the stomach.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Alpha-1 receptors are usually located on target cells and have excitatory effects on them; consequently, blockage of alpha-1 receptors usually results in blocking some of the effects of norepinephrine. [43] Drugs such as phentolamine that act on both types of receptors can produce a complex combination of both effects. In most cases when the ...
Beta 3 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor, similar to beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. [7] The receptor is involved in G-as activation. [7] The receptor will also stimulate adenylyl cyclase. [7] Eventually, it will lead to effects like increase of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine level, increase of lipolysis in adipose tissue. [7]
Furthermore, a drug effect ceases as a drug-receptor complex dissociates. Ariëns & Stephenson introduced the terms "affinity" & "efficacy" to describe the action of ligands bound to receptors. [15] [16] Affinity: The ability of a drug to combine with a receptor to create a drug-receptor complex.
Particularly notable were agents behaving as co-joint SSRIs with additional antagonist activity at 5-HT 1A receptors. 5-HT 1A receptors are located presynaptically as well as post-synaptically. It is the presynaptic receptors that are believed to function as autoreceptors (cf. studies done with pindolol). These agents were shown to elicit a ...