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This chronology presents the timeline of the Crusades from the beginning of the First Crusade in 1095 to the fall of Jerusalem in 1187. This is keyed towards the major events of the Crusades to the Holy Land, but also includes those of the Reconquista and Northern Crusades as well as the Byzantine-Seljuk wars.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
The Great Turkish War, also known as The Fourteenth Crusade [201] was a crusade undertaken by the Holy League of Pope Innocent XI [202] against the Ottoman Empire which met with an unprecedented Crusader success leading to the recovery of most of Hungary, Transylvania, Podolia and Morea to Christian rule and the beginning of the decline of the ...
It was a holy war but differed from the First Crusade in that there was no pilgrimage, no vow, and no formal authorisation by the church. [8] Shortly before the First Crusade, Urban II had encouraged the Iberian Christians to take Tarragona , using much of the same symbolism and rhetoric that was later used to preach the crusade to the people ...
The movement merged ideas of Old Testament wars, that were believed to have had God's support, with New Testament Christocentrism. The institution of crusading began with the encouragement of the church reformers who had undertaken what is commonly known as the Gregorian Reform in the 11th century.
A map of the territorial extent of the Crusader states, Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem, in the Holy Land in 1135, shortly before the Second Crusade. The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291.
Holy wars were fought in northern France, against King Roger II of Sicily, various heretics, their protectors, mercenary bands and the first political crusade against Markward of Anweiler. Full crusading apparatus was deployed against Christians in the conflict with the Cathar heretics of southern France and their Christian protectors in the ...
The Holy Sepulchre contained the kingdom's scriptorium and the city had a chancery where royal charters and other documents were produced. Aside from Latin, the standard written language of medieval Europe, the populace of crusader Jerusalem communicated in vernacular forms of French and Italian; Greek, Armenian, and even Arabic were used by ...