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The area-equivalent diameter D A, also termed circular-equivalent diameter, is the diameter of a sphere having the same projected area as the particle's projection. Enabled by the introduction of digital image analysis, this corresponds to a direct measurement of the projection area by pixel counting.
As with fractions of the form , it has been conjectured that every fraction (for >) can be expressed as a sum of three positive unit fractions. A generalized version of the conjecture states that, for any positive k {\displaystyle k} , all but finitely many fractions k n {\displaystyle {\tfrac {k}{n}}} can be expressed as a sum of three ...
A fixed-point representation of a fractional number is essentially an integer that is to be implicitly multiplied by a fixed scaling factor. For example, the value 1.23 can be stored in a variable as the integer value 1230 with implicit scaling factor of 1/1000 (meaning that the last 3 decimal digits are implicitly assumed to be a decimal fraction), and the value 1 230 000 can be represented ...
An equivalent (symbol: officially equiv; [1] unofficially but often Eq [2]) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction. It is an archaic quantity that was used in chemistry and the biological sciences (see Equivalent weight § In ...
The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.
In modular arithmetic, unit fractions can be converted into equivalent whole numbers, allowing modular division to be transformed into multiplication. Every rational number can be represented as a sum of distinct unit fractions; these representations are called Egyptian fractions based on their use in ancient Egyptian mathematics. Many infinite ...
The process for subtracting fractions is, in essence, the same as that of adding them: find a common denominator, and change each fraction to an equivalent fraction with the chosen common denominator. The resulting fraction will have that denominator, and its numerator will be the result of subtracting the numerators of the original fractions.
If the continued fraction converges, the successive convergents A n / B n are eventually arbitrarily close together. Since the linear fractional transformation Τ n (z) is a continuous mapping, there must be a neighborhood of z = 0 that is mapped into an arbitrarily small neighborhood of Τ n (0) = A n / B n .