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A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]
In machine learning (ML), a learning curve (or training curve) is a graphical representation that shows how a model's performance on a training set (and usually a validation set) changes with the number of training iterations (epochs) or the amount of training data. [1]
In a classification task, the precision for a class is the number of true positives (i.e. the number of items correctly labelled as belonging to the positive class) divided by the total number of elements labelled as belonging to the positive class (i.e. the sum of true positives and false positives, which are items incorrectly labelled as belonging to the class).
The hypothesis to be tested is if D is within the acceptable range of accuracy. Let L = the lower limit for accuracy and U = upper limit for accuracy. Then H 0 L ≤ D ≤ U. versus H 1 D < L or D > U. is to be tested. The operating characteristic (OC) curve is the probability that the null hypothesis is accepted when it is true.
If cross-validation is used to decide which features to use, an inner cross-validation to carry out the feature selection on every training set must be performed. [30] Performing mean-centering, rescaling, dimensionality reduction, outlier removal or any other data-dependent preprocessing using the entire data set.
Explainable AI (XAI), or Interpretable AI, or Explainable Machine Learning (XML), is artificial intelligence (AI) in which humans can understand the decisions or predictions made by the AI. [124] It contrasts with the "black box" concept in machine learning where even its designers cannot explain why an AI arrived at a specific decision. [ 125 ]
Accuracy is sometimes also viewed as a micro metric, to underline that it tends to be greatly affected by the particular class prevalence in a dataset and the classifier's biases. [14] Furthermore, it is also called top-1 accuracy to distinguish it from top-5 accuracy, common in convolutional neural network evaluation. To evaluate top-5 ...
Key topics include machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing and computer vision. Many universities now offer specialized programs in AI engineering at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, including hands-on labs, project-based learning, and interdisciplinary courses that bridge AI theory with engineering practices.