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The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It defines the number of constituent particles in one mole, where the particles in question can be either molecules, atoms, ions, ion pairs, or any other elementary entities.
These include the Boltzmann constant, which gives the correspondence of the dimension temperature to the dimension of energy per degree of freedom, and the Avogadro constant, which gives the correspondence of the dimension of amount of substance with the dimension of count of entities (the latter formally regarded in the SI as being dimensionless).
which is a constant for a fixed pressure and a fixed temperature. An equivalent formulation of the ideal gas law can be written using Boltzmann constant k B, as =, where N is the number of particles in the gas, and the ratio of R over k B is equal to the Avogadro constant. In this form, for V/N is a constant, we have
For any substance, the number density can be expressed in terms of its amount concentration c (in mol/m 3) as = where N A is the Avogadro constant. This is still true if the spatial dimension unit, metre, in both n and c is consistently replaced by any other spatial dimension unit, e.g. if n is in cm −3 and c is in mol/cm 3 , or if n is in L ...
Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...
The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to give an expression for the molar volume of an ideal gas: = = Hence, for a given temperature and pressure, the molar volume is the same for all ideal gases and is based on the gas constant: R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 m 3 ⋅Pa⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1, or about 8.205 736 608 095 96 × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅atm⋅K ...
Avogadro constant (N A) The ratio of the number of discrete constituent particles (such as molecules, atoms, or ions) to the amount of a substance, defined as exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1. Avogadro number The number of discrete constituent particles in one mole of a substance, defined as exactly 6.02214076 × 10 23.
In chemistry, the amount of substance (symbol n) in a given sample of matter is defined as a ratio (n = N/N A) between the number of elementary entities (N) and the Avogadro constant (N A). Since 2019, the value of the Avogadro constant N A is defined to be exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 .