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Material requirements planning (MRP) is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet three objectives:
Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) [1] is a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. Ideally, it addresses operational planning in units, financial planning, and has a simulation capability to answer "what-if" questions and is an extension of closed-loop MRP (Material Requirements Planning). [2]
With a new product, safety stock can be used as a strategic tool until the company can judge how accurate its forecast is after the first few years, especially when it is used with a material requirements planning (MRP) worksheet. The less accurate the forecast, the more safety stock is required to ensure a given level of service.
Outputs may be used to create a Material Requirements Planning (MRP) schedule. A master production schedule may be necessary for organizations to synchronize their operations and become more efficient. An effective MPS ultimately will: Give production, planning, purchasing, and management the information to plan and control manufacturing [3]
Materials management is a core supply chain function and includes supply chain planning and supply chain execution capabilities. Specifically, materials management is the capability firms use to plan total material requirements. The material requirements are communicated to procurement and other functions for sourcing.
A critical factor in production planning is "the accurate estimation of the productive capacity of available resources, yet this is one of the most difficult tasks to perform well". [7] Production planning should always take "into account material availability, resource availability and knowledge of future demand". [5]
Traditional production planning and scheduling systems (such as manufacturing resource planning) use a stepwise procedure to allocate material and production capacity.This approach is simple but cumbersome, and does not readily adapt to changes in demand, resource capacity or material availability.
Joseph Orlicky (December 31, 1922 – December 1986) was a Czech-born American pioneer of computerized materials management, manufacturing specialist and author who created the Material requirements planning (MRP). [1] [2] He was the author of the first book on Material Requirements Planning in 1975. [3] [4] [5]