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Catalytic oxidations are common in biology, especially since aerobic life subsists on energy obtained by oxidation of organic compounds by air. In contrast to the industrial processes, which are optimized for producing chemical compounds, energy-producing biological oxidations are optimized to produce energy.
An illustrative example is the effect of catalysts to speed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen: . 2 H 2 O 2 → 2 H 2 O + O 2. This reaction proceeds because the reaction products are more stable than the starting compound, but this decomposition is so slow that hydrogen peroxide solutions are commercially available.
These catalysts and reactions have a long history but current interest in organocatalysis is focused on asymmetric catalysis with chiral catalysts, called asymmetric organocatalysis or enantioselective organocatalysis. A pioneering reaction developed in the 1970s is called the Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction. Between 1968 and ...
Two common modes of Lewis acid catalysis in reactions with polar mechanisms. In reactions with polar mechanisms, Lewis acid catalysis often involves binding of the catalyst to Lewis basic heteroatoms and withdrawing electron density, which in turn facilitates heterolytic bond cleavage (in the case of Friedel-Crafts reaction) or directly activates the substrate toward nucleophilic attack (in ...
An experimental nasal spray has helped clear toxic protein buildups in the brains of mouse models of Alzheimer's. Its developers believe the spray may help delay Alzheimer's by at least a decade.
The first step in the WGS reaction is the high temperature shift which is carried out at temperatures between 320 °C and 450 °C. As mentioned before, the catalyst is a composition of iron-oxide, Fe 2 O 3 (90-95%), and chromium oxides Cr 2 O 3 (5-10%) which have an ideal activity and selectivity at these temperatures.
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There are plenty of ways to be a responsible dog owner and ways for improving your relationship with your dog, and this is just one of them – but giving your dog choices can go such a long way ...